Brad R. Roth

Professor of Law and Political Science

Contact

Room 3371 (Law), 2055 FAB (Political Science)

(313) 993-6983

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brad.roth@wayne.edu

Curriculum Vitae

Brad R. Roth

Professor of Law and Political Science

Biography

Brad Roth holds a joint appointment with the Department of Political Science at Wayne State University. He specializes in international law, comparative public law, and political and legal theory. His courses include Law, Authority and Resistance, International Law, International Protection of Human Rights, International Prosecution of State Actors, U.S. Foreign Relations Law, and Political Theory of Public Law. Before entering academia, he practiced law and served as law clerk to the chief justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court. He is the author of Sovereign Equality and Moral Disagreement (Oxford University Press, 2011), Governmental Illegitimacy in International Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), co-editor (with Gregory H. Fox & Paul R. Dubinsky) of Supreme Law of the Land? Debating the Contemporary Effects of Treaties within the United States Legal System (Cambridge University Press, 2017) and (with Gregory H. Fox) of Democratic Governance and International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2000), casebook co-editor (with Valerie Epps & John Cerone) of International Law, 6th ed. (Carolina Academic Press, 2019), and author of roughly 50 book chapters, journal articles and commentaries dealing with questions of sovereignty, constitutionalism, human rights and democracy. Most recently, he is co-editor, with Gregory H. Fox, of Democracy and International Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020).
Degrees and Certifications

LL.M., Columbia University School of Law
Ph.D., University of California at Berkeley
J.D., Harvard Law School
B.A., Swarthmore College
Courses Taught

International Law
International Human Rights
International Prosecution of State Actors
Law, Authority and Resistance
Political Theory of Public Law
U.S. Foreign Relations Law
Position Title

Professor of Law and Political Science
Selected publications

Advancing Peaceful Settlement and Democratization: The Doubtful Usefulness of International Electoral Norms, in Marc Weller, Mark Retter, Jake Rylatt & Andrea Varga, eds., International Law and Peace Settlements (Cambridge University Press, 2021), pp. 333-55.
Legitimacy in the International Order: The Continuing Relevance of Sovereign States, Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law 11 (2021), 60-90.
Gregory H. Fox & Brad R. Roth, Democracy and International Law: A (Re-)Introduction, in Fox & Roth, eds., Democracy and International Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020), xii-lix.
Brad R. Roth, “Bilateral Recognition of States” in in Gëzim Visoka, John Doyle & Edward Newman, eds., The Routledge Handbook of State Recognition (Routledge, 2019), pp. 191-205.

Valerie Epps, John Cerone & Brad R. Roth, eds., International Law, 6th ed. (Carolina Academic Press, 2019)

Brad R. Roth, “Human Rights and Transitional Justice: Taiwan’s Adoption of the ICCPR and the Redress of 228 and Martial-Law-Era Injustices,” in Jerome A. Cohen, William P. Alford & Chang-fa Lo, eds., Taiwan and International Human Rights – A Story of Transformation, pp. 51-66.

Brad R. Roth, “The Relevance of Democratic Principles to the Self-Determination Norm,” in Peter Hilpold, ed., Autonomy and Self-Determination in Europe and in Global Perspective (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018), pp. 56-76.

Gregory H. Fox & Brad R. Roth, “The Dual Lives of ‘The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance,’” AJIL Unbound (Supplement to the American Journal of International Law) 112 (2018), 67-72.

Brad R. Roth, “Unpacking the Relationship Between Sovereignty, Democracy, and Human Rights,” (Commentary on Jamie Mayerfeld, The Promise of Human Rights: Constitutional Government, Democratic Legitimacy, and International Law (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016)), Human Rights Review 19:3 (2018), 399-403.

"Supreme Law of the Land? Debating the Contemporary Effects of Treaties within the United States," (Cambridge University Press 2017) (with Professors Paul Dubinsky and Gregory Fox)

Brad R. Roth, “How International Criminal Law’s Interaction with the Responsibility to Protect Jeopardizes Legal Strictures on the Use of Force, “in Vasilka Sancin, ed., Are We ‘Manifestly Failing’ R2P (Ljubljana, Slovenia: University of Ljubljana Faculty of Law, 2017), pp. 133-52.

Brad R. Roth ,“Democratic Political Obligation with Chinese Characteristics: Civic Defiance in Taiwan and Hong Kong,” in Brian Christopher Jones, ed., Critical Neighbours: The Legal and Political Significance of the Sunflower and Umbrella Movements (Routledge, 2017), pp. 191-204.

"The Virtues of Bright Lines: Self-Determination, Secession and External Intervention," German Law Journal 16 (2015), 384-415 (Special Issue on the Crisis in Ukraine).

"Ne-konsensualna disolucija dr avau meðunarodnom pravu: Inovacija Badinterove komisije u retrospektivi" ("Non-Consensual State Dissolution in International Law: The Badinter Innovation in Retrospect"), Politicka Misao (Croatian Political Science Review) 52:1 (2015), 48-78.

"A Bolivarian Alternative? The New Latin American Populism Confronts the Global Order" (with Sharon F. Lean), in International Law and its Discontents: Confronting Crises, ed. Barbara Stark (Cambridge University Press, 2015).

"Reconceptualizing Recognition of States and Governments," in Recognition in International Relations: Rethinking a Political Concept in a Global Context, eds. Christopher Daase, Caroline Fehl, Anna Geis, Georgios Kolliarakis (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).

"Whither Democratic Legitimism? Contextualizing Recent Developments in the Recognition and Non-Recognition of Governments," AJIL Unbound (Blog of the American Journal of International Law), Jan. 21, 2015.

"International Law's Enemy Within: Buchan's 'International Community' as Rival to the Positive Legal Order," EJIL: Talk! (Blog of the European Journal of International Law), Nov. 17, 2014

Just Outcomes, Overreaching Rationales: How International Criminal Law's Achievements Augur Flawed Responses to Political Violence, 31 Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 55 (Spring 2014).

Sovereign Equality and Non-Liberal Regimes, 43 Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 25 (2012).

Parsing "Mutual Non-Recognition and Mutual Non-Denial": An International Law Perspective on Taipei"s Current Framework for Cross-Strait Relations, Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law & Affairs 30:15 (2012).

Secessions, Coups, and the International Rule of Law: Assessing the Decline of the Effective Control Doctrine, Melbourne Journal of International Law 11:393-440 (2010).

Coming to Terms with Ruthlessness: Sovereign Equality, Global Pluralism, and the Limits of International Criminal Justice, Santa Clara Journal of International Law 8:231-88 (2010).

The Entity That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Unrecognized Taiwan as a Right-Bearer in the International Legal Order, East Asia Law Review (University of Pennsylvania Law School) 4:91-124 (2009).

- Published in Chinese translation, Taiwan Law Review (Taipei: Angle Publishing), (No. 158) 2008.7:84-103.

Republications of 2004 Leiden Journal of International Law article, Retrieving Marx for the Human Rights Project:

- Revised version: "Marxian Insights on the Human Rights Project," in Susan Marks, ed., International Law on the Left: Revisiting Marxist Legacies (Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 220-51.

- Original version, in Susan Easton, ed., Marx and Law (Philosophers and Law Series), (London: Ashgate Pub. Ltd.,2008), pp. 265-302.

"State Sovereignty, International Legality, and Moral Disagreement," in Tomer Broude & Yuval Shany, eds., The Shifting Allocation of Authority in International Law (Oxford: Hart Publishing Co., 2008), pp. 123-61.

Just Short of Torture: Abusive Treatment and the Limits of International Criminal Justice, Journal of International Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press) 6:215-39 (2008).

"Coercion and the Quest for Substantive Freedom," in Mary Garrett, Heidi Gottfried, & Sandra F. VanBurkleo, eds, Remapping the Humanities: Identity, Community, Memory, (Post)Modernity (Wayne State University Press, 2008), pp. 237-54.

"Taiwan"s Nation-Building and Beijing"s Anti-Secession Law: An International Law Perspective," in Chen Chi-sen et al., ed., Sovereignty, Constitution, and the Future of Taiwan (Taiwan Law Society, 2006), pp. 1-59.

The Enduring Significance of State Sovereignty, Florida Law Review 56:1017-50 (2004).

Retrospective Justice or Retroactive Standards? Human Rights as a Sword in the East German Leaders Case, Wayne Law Review 50:37-68 (2004).

Retrieving Marx for the Human Rights Project, Leiden Journal of International Law 17:31-66 (2004).

"What"s Left? Socialist Political Thought After the Fall," in Thomas Newlin & Sibelan Forrester, eds., Towards a Classless Society: Literature, History, and Politics: A Festschrift for Thompson Bradley (Bloomington, Indiana: Slavica (Indiana University) Press, 2004), pp. 195-211.

International Decisions: Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain; United States v. Alvarez-Machain, American Journal of International Law 98:798-804 (2004).

Anti-Sovereigntism, Liberal Messianism, and Excesses in the Drive against Impunity, Finnish Yearbook of International Law 12:17-45 (2001 volume, published 2003).

"Bending the Law, Breaking It, or Developing It? The United States and the Humanitarian Use of Force in the Post-Cold War Era," in Michael Byers & Georg Nolte, eds., United States Hegemony and the Foundations of the International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 232-63.

The CEDAW as a Collective Approach to Women"s Rights, Michigan Journal of International Law 24:187-225 (2002).

Understanding the "Understanding": Federalism Constraints on Human Rights Implementation, Wayne Law Review 47:891-907 (2002).

(with Gregory H. Fox) Democracy and International Law, Review of International Studies 27:327-352 (2001).

Peaceful Transition and Retrospective Justice: Some Reservations - A Response to Juan Mendez, Ethics & International Affairs 15:45-50 (2001).

"The Illegality of "Pro-Democratic" Invasion Pacts," in Gregory H. Fox and Brad R. Roth, eds., Democratic Governance and International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 328-42.

Governmental Illegitimacy and Neo-Colonialism: Response to Review by James Thuo Gathii, Michigan Law Review 98:2056-65 (2000).

(with Gregory H. Fox) "Introduction: The Spread of Liberal Democracy and Its Implications for International Law," in Gregory H. Fox and Brad R. Roth, eds., Democratic Governance and International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 1-22.

Democratic Intolerance: Observations on Fox and Nolte, Harvard International Law Journal, 37:235-38 (1996), reprinted in Gregory H. Fox & Brad R. Roth, eds., Democratic Governance and International Law, (Cambridge University Press, 2000).

Governmental Illegitimacy in International Law (Oxford University Press, 1999). Winner, 1999 American Society of International Law Certificate of Merit ("Best Work in a Specialized Area")

"What Ever Happened to Sovereignty? Reflections on International Law Methodology," in Charlotte Ku & Thomas G. Weiss, eds., Understanding Global Governance (Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1998), pp. 69-100.

Evaluating Democratic Progress: A Normative Theoretical Perspective, Ethics & International Affairs, 9:55-77 (1995), reprinted in Gregory H. Fox & Brad R. Roth, eds., Democratic Governance and International Law, (Cambridge University Press, 2000).

Governmental Illegitimacy Revisited: "Pro-Democratic" Armed Intervention in the Post-Bipolar World, Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, 3:481-513 (1993).

Constitutionalism in Eastern Europe: Alternatives to the Liberal Social Contract, Dickinson Journal of International Law, 11:283-324 (1993).

The First Amendment in the Foreign Affairs Realm: "Domesticating" the Restrictions on Citizen Participation, Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review, 2:255-91 (1993).
Social Science Research Network
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Books

Democracy and International Law (2020)

Edited by Gregory H. Fox and Brad R. Roth

‘This is a timely collection of the best writings from the past two decades on whether liberal-democratic norms have successfully infiltrated international law, a field that—while traditionally built upon the concept of the State—has been agnostic as to governmental legitimacy. A must read for anyone concerned with the implications for inter-State relations of threats to democracy worldwide, and an excellent companion volume to Democratic Governance and International Law (2000).'
– Sean D. Murphy, George Washington University, US, U.N. International Law Commission and former President of the American Society of International Law.

Supreme Law of the Land? Debating the Contemporary Effects of Treaties within the United States Legal System

Edited by Paul R. Dubinsky, Gregory H. Fox and Brad R. Roth

How do treaties function in the American legal system? This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status of treaties in American law. Its ten chapters examine major areas of change in treaty law in recent decades, including treaty interpretation, federalism, self-execution, treaty implementing legislation, treaty form, and judicial barriers to treaty enforcement. The book also includes two in-depth case studies: one on the effectiveness of treaties in the regulation of armed conflict and one on the role of a resurgent federalism in complicating U.S. efforts to ratify and implement treaties in private international law. Each chapter asks whether the treaty rules of the 1987 Third Restatement of Foreign Relations Law accurately reflect today's judicial, executive and legislative practices. This volume is original and provocative, a useful desk companion for judges and practicing lawyers, and an engaging read for the general reader and graduate students.

Governmental Illegitimacy in International Law (Oxford University Press) 1999
According to Amazon.com: "This work seeks to specify the international law of collective non-recognition of governments, so as to enable legal evaluation of cases in which competing factions assert governmental authority. It subjects the recognition controversies of the United Nations era to a systematic examination, informed by theoretical and comparative perspectives on governmental legitimacy."

Sovereign Equality and Moral Disagreement (Oxford University Press) 2011
According to Oxford University Press, "in Sovereign Equality and Moral Disagreement: Premises of a Pluralist International Legal Order, Professor Brad R. Roth provides readers with a working knowledge of the various applications of sovereign equality in international law, and defends the principle of sovereign equality as a morally sound response to disagreements in the international realm."

Democratic Governance and International Law (Cambridge University Press) 2000 Editor
From Amazon.com: "This book considers how the post-Cold War democratic revolution has affected international law. Traditionally, international law said little about the way in which governments were chosen. In the 1990s, however, international law has been deployed to encourage transitions to democracy, and to justify the armed expulsion of military juntas that overthrow elected regimes. In this volume, leading international legal scholars assess this change in international law and ask whether a commitment to democracy is consistent with the structure and rules of the international legal system."
Accomplishments
- Brad Roth participated in a virtual presentation on US Arab Radio, "Eviction Sparks Israeli, Palestinian War."
- Brad Roth presented "The International Legal Status of Taiwan" during a virtual event hosted by the Rotary Club of Detroit.
- Brad Roth contributed to the book “Taiwan and Human Rights: A Story of Transformation,” Jerome A. Cohen, William P. Alford & Chang-fa Lo, eds., Springer, 2019, which has been honored with the 2021 Certificate of Merit from the American Society of International Law for Best Work in a Specialized Area. Roth’s chapter is entitled “Human Rights and Transitional Justice: Taiwan’s Adoption of the ICCPR and the Redress of 2/28 and Martial-Law-Era Injustices.”
- Brad R. Roth co-wrote “International Law, Sixth Edition” with Valerie Epps and John Cerone. The sixth edition of this widely used textbook combines narrative explanatory sections that set forth the basic law together with cases, treaties, international documents, questions and problems.
- Brad Roth organized and moderated a session of the WSU Humanities Center’s Brown Bag Series on “Lessons from the Break-Up of Yugoslavia,” on Nov. 28.
- Brad Roth was a speaker at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem’s workshop “Recognition in the Context of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict” on Nov. 5. He discussed non-recognition of the fruits of peremptory norm violations.
- Brad Rothgave a lecture on “International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict” to the Society of Active Retirees as part of the organization's Fall 2018 Class Series, in Farmington Hills.
- Brad Roth gave a joint lecture with WSU Near East Studies faculty member Saeed Khan, to the undergraduate Model United Nations group on “The Future of Foreign Policy in the Trump Era.”
- Brad Roth presented his scholarly work on “Secessions, Coups, and the International Rule of Law” to a September 2018 meeting of the Wayne State University Academy of Scholars, into which he was recently inducted.
- Brad Roth attended the International Law Association Biennial Meeting in Sydney, Australia on behalf of the ILA's Committee on the Recognition and Non-Recognition of States and Governments. He summarized and defended the committee's draft final report and finalized the resolution reflecting the report's conclusions. Also at that meeting, Roth was a panelist on the operation of the concept of “general principles of law” in the context of international criminal justice.
- Brad Rothco-wrote “The Dual Lives of “The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance” with Greg Fox for the American Journal of International Law. The article was part of a symposium in AJIL Unbound marking the 25th anniversary of Thomas Franck’s landmark article “The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance.” In this article Roth and Fox analyze the strengths and shortcomings of an article that started an important scholarly movement and address one of the central criticisms of Franck's piece. Read the full article.
- Brad Roth wrote “Unpacking the Relationship Between Sovereignty, Democracy, and Human Rights” for Human Rights Review. Read the full article.
- Brad Rothwas a panelist at “Two Peoples, One Future: Realizing Self-Determination in Israel/Palestine,” held at Birmingham Temple in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Watch it here.
- Brad Rothwas an organizer and instructor at “Divided Societies" at Inter-University Center in Dubrovnik, Croatia. He taught short courses on self-determination, secession and international law, and sponsored an Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program for students to receive grants to travel abroad.
- Brad Rothwas a speaker at Lauterpacht Centre for International Law’s Conference on International Law and Peace Settlements held at the University of Cambridge. He discussed "Advancing Peaceful Settlement and Democratization: The Doubtful Usefulness of International Electoral Norms."
- Brad Rothwas a featured speaker at the University of Michigan’s Kappa Alpha Pi, professional pre-law fraternity, discussing careers in international law and legal academia.
Recent courses taught
Winter Term 2025 (future)
Winter Term 2024
Fall Term 2023
Spring-Summer Term 2023
- PS5999 - Special Topics in Political Science
Winter Term 2023
Fall Term 2022